![]() While this approach may be controversial in the research community (see, for example, the discussion by Flach, 1995), we believe it is appropriate for military simulation applications. Substantially, but retain the grouping of perceptual, diagnostic, and inferential processes for modeling purposes. The military uses the term situation awareness to refer to the static spatial awareness of friendly and enemy troop positions. Although each of these topics is a research area in its own right, we treat together the perceptual, diagnostic, and inferential processes that precede decision making and action. In this chapter we discuss a collection of topics as if they were one. In fact, there is much overlap among these concepts.Ĭhapter 4 addresses attention, especially as it relates to time sharing and multitasking. Defining situation awareness in a way that is susceptible to measurement, is different from generalized performance capacity, and is usefully distinguishable from other concepts such as perception, workload, and attention has proved daunting (Fracker, 1988, 1991a, 1991b Sarter and Woods, 1991, 1995). Each has assumed importance because it captures a characteristic of human performance that is not directly observable, but that psychologists-especially engineering psychologists and human factors specialists-have been asked to assess, or purposefully manipulate because of its importance to everyday living and working. Each began as a word with a multidimensional but imprecise general meaning in the English language. ![]() In the applied behavioral science community, the term situation awareness has emerged as a psychological concept similar to such terms as intelligence, vigilance, attention, fatigue, stress, compatibility, and workload. The term has received considerable attention in the military community for the last decade because of its recognized linkage to effective combat decision making in the tactical environment. In everyday parlance, the term situation awareness, means the up-to-the-minute cognizance or awareness required to move about, operate equipment, or maintain a system.
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